The House of Rothschild

Part 2: The Form & Structure of International Capital

The pivotal family in the world, which effectively economically and politically controls Europe, is the Rothschild Dynasty.

It is extremely important for the reader to understand, that all the financing by all European nations colonial expansion into Africa was financed by the Jewish Rothschild Dynasty, which had five banking centers in Europe:

* Frankfurt in Germany,
* Naples in Italy,
* Paris in France,
* Vienna in the Austria and
* London in England.

Thus a large portion of the wealth generated out from Africa by the different European governments, ended up in the hands of the Rothshilds, which in turn was invested in other Jewish-owned banks in different nations in order to get a monopoly in them.

Once the Africans had been subdued, and Europeans had set up a new government in the different colonies, European Jews moved into just about every colony in Africa and set up banks and other institutions to further control the finances and make sure that a portion of the continuing plunder of Africa would also end up in Jewish hands. They have largely done so as Anglo-Saxons under the protection of the British crown.

Mayer Amschel Bauer (1743-1812), a Khazar Jew was born in Frankfurt, Germany in 1743. He was the son of Moses Amschel Bauer, a nomadic moneylender and goldsmith from Eastern Europe. After working briefly for the Oppenheimer Bank in Hanover, Germany, Mayer opened a shop or counting house of his own on Judenstrasse (Jews Street) in Frankfurt, Germany.

He was born in the Jewish quarter of Frankfurt-am-Main, Germany where he became a tradesman and provided some form of banking services, such as exchanging currencies.

Mayer was sent to be a rabbi when he was 10, in 1753. A year and a half later his parents died. Mayer was brilliant and was encouraged by relatives to continue his studies but coin trading was his love. He left the school and when 13 was sent to Hanover to be an apprentice at the Illuminati-controlled Oppenheimer bank. He worked there for 7 years, learning the ins and out of money.

While in Hanover Mayer made the acquaintance of General von Estorff, a numismatist (one who studies and collects coins, medals, and related objects as works of art and as sources of information) who was impressed by Mayer’s knowledge of the subject. In 1763 General von Estorff left Hanover and joined the Court of Prince William IX of Hesse-Hanau, whose territory included Frankfort. Mayer knew that through his connections he would be able to get some business with the Prince. It appears Mayer’s stay at the Oppenheimer bank was used to establish himself in Illuminati circles and to find a way to get close to the Illuminati royalty. General von Estorff was his key.

As an expert in rare coins, precious stones and antiques , Mayer Amschel gained admittance to many wealthy homes, notably that of the Crown Prince and Elector William IV of Hesse-Kassel, Prussia. Soon he was entrusted with some of the Elector's major financial affairs.

Prince William of Hesse-Hanau was the son of Landgrave Frederick or Hesse-Cassel, of the royal family of Hesse. Prince William was a Freemason, and his younger brother Karl, was according to JEWS AND FREEMASONS IN EUROPE, 1723-1939, "accepted as the head of all German Freemasons.’ Members of the Hesse dynasty have been described as the leaders of the Strict Observance (in 1782 a Masonic Congress in Wilhelmsbad, a city in the Hesse province, dropped the name ‘Strict Observance’ and changed it to "Beneficent Knights of the Holy City").

Prince William was the grandson of King George II of England 91683-1760).

From the Jewish Encyclopedia: "Mayer [Amschel Rothschild] was a general agent and banker, and traded also in works of art and curios. In the latter connection he became an agent of William IX., Landgrave of Hesse-Cassel, who on his father's death in 1785 had inherited the largest private fortune in Europe, derived mainly from the hire of troops to the British government for the putting down of the Revolution in the United States."

Then, in 1769, after a significant amount of sales, he wrote the Prince asking for and receiving the designation ‘Crown Agent to the Prince of Hesse-Hanau". He then set up a money exchange bureau.

In 1785 Prince William’s father, Landgrave Frederick of Hesse-Cassel, died and William became the new Landgrave (a title of nobility in Germany and Scandinavia, dating from the 12th century). This made him the richest prince in Germany and possibly Europe. He left the small province of Hesse-Hanau to become ruler in Hesse-Cassel. Around this time Wolf Schnapper, Mayer’s father-in-law and a a respected merchant, introduced Rothschild to Carl Buderus who was the Prince’s chief financial advisor. Through either coercion, friendship, or occultic ties Mayer was able to convince Buderus to become an agent for him. This was a big mover for Mayer.

The Landgrave William of Hesse-Cassel was to be the ‘stepping stone" to power. The Landgrave was the richest Prince in Europe and later the Rothschilds were determined to take advantage of his wealth.

He built the largest and most powerful financial empire built on money embezzled from United Kingdom King William IV (1765-1867), who had stolen it from the soldiers he had hired out to the British government to fight Napoleon's armies. Rothschild sent the money to England, bought vast quantities of gold from the East Indian Company, used this to finance the Duke of Wellington's exploits and, working through the Brotherhood network, manipulated governments and created wars and revolutions. He lent money to both sides of the conflicts in what became a standard practice of the banking elite.

The American War for Independence began, not so much over political self determination, as over who would control that wealth between the British crown and the English settlers. The British crown arranged through Mayer Amschel Bauer to purchase an army of mercenary soldiers, the Hessians, to fight on the British side. In the war, the settlers won.

Many European nations borrowed money from them to pay debts, to wage wars, or to finance peacetime projects.

Mayer Amschel Bauer changed his name to Mayer Amschel Rothschild. His business became known as the House of Rothschild. The new family name was derived from the red shield (rothen Schilde in German) used by an ancestor as a sign for his shop. They took their name from the red shield or hexagram/Star of David on the front of their house in Frankfurt.

The Star of David or Seal of Solomon is an ancient esoteric symbol and is said to have only became associated with Jewish people after the Rothschilds adopted it for themselves. It was the emblem of the Khazar Jews of Eastern Europe.

The Rothschilds have been described as the royal family of the Jews. "... the first principle of the House of Rothschild was to amass wealth, [and] the liberation of the [Jewish] race from oppressive restrictions contributed Indirectly to this end, since it would facilitate intercourse with the rest of the world, and thereby increase the possibility of financial gain, which in turn would serve to increase its power.” (The Rise of The House of Rothschild by Count Egon Corti).
Mayer Amsel Rothschild is reported to have said, "Give me control of the economics of a country; and I care not who makes her laws.”

His five sons have been called the Mayer brothers because they all shared that middle name: Amschel Mayer, Salomon Mayer, Nathan Mayer, Kalmann (Carl) Mayer, and Jacob (James) Mayer. Each son entered the family business at the age of 12.

He picked wives for his sons for the business gains the wives would bring the family. His daughters are said to have all married bankers - in Worms, Sichel, and Beyfus. All in all, Mayer had ten children and they were all employed in the family business. Each son established a branch in a different European country. Amschel, the eldest, remained in Germany with his father. Solomon, the second son, founded a branch in Vienna Austria.

1. Amschel Meyer Rothschild (1773-1855)
Remained at Frankfurt, Germany with his father and was the head of the bank which was known as M. A. Rothschild and Sons. The Emperor of Austria knighted him in 1815 and made him a "Freiherr" in 1822. In 1820 he was appointed Bavarian consul in Frankfort with the title of court banker.

Amschel Mayer was very Orthodox and actively supported the Conservative party in Judaism. He took great interest in the history of his race, and when in 1840 many cloisters were sequestered in Spain, he directed his agent to secure all documents of interest to the Jews. In 1838, he said: "Permit me to issue and control the money of a nation, and I care not who makes its laws".

After Napoleon exited Germany a German Confederation was set up, of which Amschel became the treasurer. In a sense this made him the first finance minister of the Prussian Empire which was created by the Confederation. Amschel’s sorrow over his lack of children led him to pick prominent young men to treat as his sons. One such man was Otto von Bismark, who would later become the Iron Chancellor of Germany.

Amschel was succeeded in business by two sons of his brother Karl - Mayer Karl and his brother Wilhelm Karl. Baron Mayer Karl became a member of the Prussian Herrenhaus (House of Peers) in 1870, and thereafter paid little attention to business affairs, leaving these to his brother Baron Wilhelm. The latter was a very religious man, of rather narrow views, under whom the importance of the Frankfort firm rapidly declined. It was liquidated after his death in 1901. After more than a century, the Rothschilds severed their business link with their town of origin. It was not until 1989 that they returned.

2. Salomon Rothschild (1774-1855)
Was the head of the bank in Vienna, Austria, known as S. M. Rothschild and Sons. It was closed during World War II after the Nazi occupation. He became the financial originator of the Kaiser Ferdinands Nordbahn, which was inaugurated in 1836. Among the other enterprises in which he was interested may be mentioned: the Austrian state loans of 1823, 1829, and 1842; the coal-mines of Witkowitz; and the asphalt lake of Dalmatia.

Salomon Mayer received the honorary freedom of the cities of Vienna and Brünn; he was knighted in 1815 by the crown of Austria; and in 1822 he was created a "Freiherr" He acquired for his family extensive landed properties, among them Oderberg, Hultschin, and Schillersdorf.

3. Nathan Meyer Rothschild (1777-1836)
Was married to Hannah Barent Cohen, the daughter of a wealthy Jewish family. The Cohens were a wealthy Jewish family from Amsterdam, and Hannah’s father, Salomon Cohen was a respected merchant in London.

Nathan served with his father-in-law as Warden of the Great Synagogue. Hannah’s sister, Judith, married the powerful Jewish Freemason Moses Montefiore (the Montefiore’s were of "ancient" and extremely ‘aristocratic Jewish stock’), who was friends with Nathan (Nathan’s sister Henrietta married a Montefiore, so did his second son, Anthony, and his brother, Salomon’s great grandson, Aiphonse married a Sebag-Montefiore in 1911).

Nathan’s social life revolved around the Cohens. Nathan was a Freemason as a member of London’s Lodge of Emulation. .

The marriage gave him a position in society and a range of business contacts which might have taken him years to achieve alone. Building on this foundation and wedding it to the Rothschild network, Nathan was credited by his brothers with securing for them the best opportunities to achieve their position in the world of finance.

He became the head of the bank in London, England, which is known as Nathan Meyer Rothschild and Sons. Today, its known as N.M. Rothschild and Sons. It has occupied the same premises since 1809, at 2 New Court, St. Swithin's Lane in London, near the Bank of England and Stock Exchange. He once said: "I care not what puppet is placed upon the throne of England to rule the Empire on which the sun never sets. The man who controls Britain's money supply controls the British Empire, and I control the British money supply."

A Prussian official said that Rothschild had ‘an incredible influence upon all financial affairs here in London. It is widely stated ... that he entirely regulates the rate of exchange in the City. His power as a banker is enormous.’ ‘When Nathan ... (made] a fuss, the Bank of England trembled.’ Once he tried to cash a check from his brother Amschel at the Bank, but the Bank refused saying it cashed only its own notes. Nathan’s volcano-like temper exploded. The next morning he and nine of his clerks arrived at the Bank and began exchanging bank notes for gold. In one day he had reduced the Bank’s gold reserves by a substantial amount. The next day he and his clerks arrived with more bank notes.

A Bank executive nervously asked how long he intended to keep this up. Nathan replied something to the effect of ‘The Bank of England refused to take by bills, so I will not keep theirs.’ A meeting was quickly called and they decided that from then on the Bank of England would be pleased to cash any Rothschild check Nathan’s firm was named N.M. Rothschild and Sons.

The London bank also had branches in Paris (France), Vienna (Austria), Berlin (Germany) and Naples (Italy). The gold that was used as security came form the “East India Company.” In America N.M. Rothschild and Sons was represented by J. P. Morgan & Co., August Belmont & Co., and Kuhn Loeb & Company.

Control of N.M. Rothschild and Sons passed to his son Lionel and then to a grandson, Nathan Mayer Rothschild who became Governor of the Bank of England, and was a member of the Cecil John Rhodes’ Round Table Group (RTG).

In 2003, N.M. Rothschild's English and French operations will be consolidated into a new holding company, Concordia B.V., with each group a co-owner. Concordia will own a controlling interest in Rothschilds Continuation Holdings of Switzerland, where Baron David will serve as chairman. Rothschilds Continuation will acquire all the shares of the American and Canadian Rothschild banks. Historian John Reeves, a Rothschild partisan, reveals in his book The Rothschilds, Financial Rulers of the Nations, 1887, page 167, that "one cause of his [Nathan's] success was the secrecy with which he shrouded, and the tortuous policy with which he misled those who watched him the keenest."

4. Karl Rothschild (1788-1868)
Was the head of the bank in Naples, Italy. It closed in 1861 at the fall of the Bourbon dynasty. Karl Mayer left four sons - Mayer Karl, Adolf Karl, Wilhelm Karl and Alexander and one daughter, all of whom married members of the Rothschild family.

5. James (Jacob) Rothschild (1792-1868)
Was the head of the bank in Paris, France, which was known as Messieurs de Rothschild Freres. Baron James had befriended and assisted Louis Philippe before he came to the throne in 1830, and was the medium through which that astute monarch conducted his stock-exchange operations till his overthrow in 1848. In return Baron James obtained in 1846 the concession for the Great Northern Railway Company of France, having 300,000 shares, each of the value of 300 francs. His position in the social world of Paris is described by Balzac under the guise of "Baron Nucingen." In the year 1848 the Paris house was reckoned to be worth 600,000,000 francs as against 362,000,000 francs held by all the other Paris bankers. It's name was changed to La Banque Rothschild in 1967.

The French socialist government nationalized the bank in 1981 together with other privately owned banks. Baron David de Rothschild founded a new bank and persuaded the government in 1986 to allow him to use the Rothschild name again. In 1996, Baron David was named to a committee to oversee the Rothschild investment banking operations worldwide, and was put in charge of global integration.

It was evidently Nathan who made the arrangements for his brothers to be in each of the chief capitals, not the foresight of their father, Mayer Amschel. James, the youngest of the brothers, was not established in Paris till 1812, the year of Mayer Amschel's death, and then secretly for the purpose of collecting French coin to forward to Wellington for his advance through southern France; the firm of Rothschild Frères was not founded in Paris till 1817; Karl did not go to Naples till 1821; and Salomon went to Berlin in 1815 to arrange for payments through London to Berlin to the Englishman Herries. .

Other international family banking dynasties linked to the Rothschilds arose including Baring, Erlanger, Schroder, the Speyers and JP Morgan. John Pierpont Morgan wielded more power than any other American capitalist and indeed and other man in the World. Morgan creations also included General Electric (GE), International Harvester and the reorganization of American Telephone & Telegraph Company (ATTC). The Titanic was a ship of the International Mercantile Maritime trust, a corporation J.P. Morgan sponsored in 1902.

After Mayer Rothschild died on September 19, 1812, his Will spelt out specific guidelines that were to be maintained by his descendants:

All key positions in the House of Rothschild were to be held by members of the family, and not by hired hands. Only male members of the family were allowed to participate in the business. The eldest son of the eldest son was to be the head of the family unless the majority of the rest of the family agreed otherwise.

It was for this exceptional reason that Nathan, who was particularly brilliant, was appointed head of the House of Rothschild in 1812.

The family was to intermarry with their own first and second cousins, thus preserving the vast fortune.

This rule was strictly adhered to early on but later, when other rich Jewish banking houses came on the scene, it was relaxed to allow some of the Rothschilds to marry selected members of the new elite.

Amschel forbade his heirs "most explicitly, in any circumstances whatever, to have any public inventory made by the courts, or otherwise, of my estate .... Also I forbid any legal action and any publication of the value of the inheritance .... Anyone who disregards these provisions and takes any kind of action which conflicts with them will immediately be regarded as having disputed the will, and shall suffer the consequences of so doing."

Rothschild ordered a perpetual family partnership and provided that the female members of the family, their husbands and children should receive their interest in the estate subject to the management of the male members. They were to have no part in the management of the business. Anyone who disputed this arrangement would lose their interest in the Estate. (The last stipulation was specifically designed to seal the mouths of anyone who might feel like breaking with the family. Rothschild obviously felt that there were a lot of things under the family 'rug' that should never see the light of day).

This completely excluded the daughters and their husbands and heirs from the business, and all knowledge of it. The Will totally exalted the importance of the paternal family circle.

The mighty strength of the House of Rothschild was based on a variety of important factors:

i. Complete secrecy resulting from total family control of all business dealings. Rothschild ordered that there was never to be "any public inventory made by the courts, or otherwise, of my estate...Also I forbid any legal action and any publication of the value of the inheritance.";
ii. An uncanny, one could almost say a supernatural ability to see what lay ahead and to take full advantage of it. The whole family was driven by an insatiable lust for the accumulation of wealth and power, and
iii. Total ruthlessness in all business dealings.

Biographer Frederic Morton, in The Rothschilds, tells us that Mayer Amschel Rothschild and his five sons were "wizards" of finance, and "fiendish calculators" who were motivated by a "demonic drive" to succeed in their secret undertakings.

The House of Rothschild financed railroads in Europe and America and provided loans to the United States. At this time (1886-87) Randolph Churchill (Winston's father) was Chancellor of the Exchequer, funded by the Rothschilds and a close friend of Nathaniel Rothschild.

With his brothers' help, Nathan Mayer also transported gold through France to finance the British army in Spain. This action earned Nathan a post as agent of the British treasury. At the war's end the House of Rothschild was commissioned to handle loans to France and Austria. Nathan is said to have made four-fold profit from lending notes to the Duke of Wellington who thus financed his military operations. The profits were further raised by the later illegal sale of the gold meant to serve as security. This was the origin of the gigantic wealth of the Rothschild family.

Lionel Nathan (1808-79) the eldest son and main business heir of Nathan Mayer Rothschild, in 1875 loaned Britain the money used by Prime Minister Benjamin Disraeli to buy control of the Suez Canal. Lionel Nathan was the first practising Jew to be elected to the British Parliament, and his son Nathan Mayer (1840-1915) became the first Baron Rothschild in 1885.

He financed England’s Crimean War, Cecil Rhodes’ South African kingdom, vast copper and nitrate mines, and the purchase of the Suez Canal.

Lionel was a good friend of Prime Ministers Disraeli (who was controlled by Rothschild money) and Gladstone. He also probably paid for Lord John Russell’s election as Prime Minister.

Other notable family members include:
· Lord Victor Rothschild, the alleged '5th man' in the KGB spy ring, who was in charge of the 'Regulation 18b' prosecutions under Winston Churchill whereby a person could by arrested and imprisoned merely 'on suspicion'. He was head of Edward Heath's policy unit (1970-74) and allegedly head of an unnamed subversive organisation designed to manipulate the introduction of a Federal Europe. He was also once a governor of the BBC. Lord Victor Rothschild aided Harold Wilson as the head of his Central Policy Review Staff, and his Chancellor Denis Healey (Bilderberger, TC, and RIIA).

· Baron Edmund de Rothschild was instrumental in the 'debt for equity' schemes whereby countries in the South gave up 'environmentally sensitive' land as a payment for debts.

· Evelyn de Rothschild is the former chairman of N.M. Rothschild and is a member of the board of the Daily Telegraph, owned by the Hollinger Group.

The Rothschilds have received many British honours. As members of the British and French families, there are the only ones still engaged in banking after the Nazis seized the Austrian house and have distinguished themselves as scientists and philanthropists.

The Rothschild's were and are the financial strength behind Britain, as they basically own the Bank of England, which was established in 1694 by the new King William of Orange, manoeuvred into place by the Orange Order. It was a private venture under the House of Rothschild, which has maintained its influence since nationalisation.

Today, the Rothschilds are one of the largest block "owners" of the privately owned Federal Reserve Corporation of America. The introduction of the "Federal Reserve Bank System" in 1913 enabled the Rothschild-Rockefeller banking axis to consolidate their American financial powers. Banking chiefs, who were largely supported by the Rothschilds, became the chairmen of the first Federal Reserve Bank of New York.

The Federal Reserve Corporation is not a government agency, but is a private enterprise generating wealth and profits for its owners. A German American immigrant, Paul Warburg (who later became a Fed board member), working with Senator Nelson Aldrich (maternal grandfather of the Rockefeller family, the chairman of the Senate Finance Committee and was then appointed head of the National Monetary Commission) began writing the Federal Reserve Act which outlined the way the system would work, was drafted at the super-secret Jekyll Island Conference in 1910.

The Conference at Jekyll Island at the hunting club, Jekyll Island Club, off the coast of Georgia, was set up by the two principal Rothschild representatives in New York, JP. Morgan Co., and a German-Jewish firm Kuhn, Loeb & Co (in which the owner, Loeb, was Paul Warburg’s father-in-law) plus eight other financiers. Both the private island and the club are owned by JP Morgan .Jr.

The top 6 U.S. based owners of the privately held Federal Reserve Corporation are: Citibank (linked to the Rockefellers); Bank of America (now BankAmerica); Chemical Bank of New York; Chase Manhattan Bank (owned by JP Morgan); Morgan Guaranty Trust (owned by JP Morgan); and Bankers Trust (owned by JP Morgan).

On December 23, 1913, President Woodrow Wilson signed into law the Federal Reserve Act creating a privately owned central bank, the Federal Reserve Corporation. This new central bank was created for private interests to control the flow of money in and out of the country. These firms had their principal officers appointed to the Federal Reserve Board of Governors and the Federal Advisory Council in 1914.

While Paul Warburg was part of the U.S. Federal Reserve board, his brother Max headed the German Secret Service. Another Warburg brother served as commercial attache in Stockholm, then a traditional listening post for warring nations. Warburg partner Sir William Wiseman headed the British Secret Service. Two of Jacob Schiff's brothers financed the German war effort.

The immediate past chairman of the Fed is Trilaterist Jew Alan Greenspan, who was formerly employed at Morgan Guaranty.

Rothschild money has backed such empires as the Rockefellers, the Hearsts, the Baruch Holdings, J.P. Morgan, the Drexell family, Henry Ford (of General Motors), Bache & Co., Goldman Sachs, Lehman Brothers, Crocker Bank (now controlled by Midland Bank of London) and almost every major banking institution including Chase Manhattan (owned by JP Morgan and named after Salmon P. Chase, Abraham Lincoln's Treasury Secretary) and Citibank/Citicorp.

These same financial tyrants control the purse strings of Simon and Shuster, CNN, newspapers like the Washington Post, the Chicago Tribune and the New York Times.

Through a series of mergers and "acquisitions" the Warburgs, Schiffs, Morgans, etc. control giant stock investment firms. A listing of the major stock brokerage houses of the world read like a "family tree" with a dozen or so names broken up into various combinations.

The same names appear as stockholders in the Federal Reserve, investment "advisors" in stock markets across the world, investment banking houses, the board of governors of the central banks of Europe, and so on.

As early as 1818 it was said of the Rothschilds that: “they are the richest people in Europe.” By the middle of the 19th century they were the richest family in the world, unparalleled by any monarchy in history and their international merchant banks granted loans only to those who served their political interests.

The Rothschild’s have covertly monopolized all the transnational corporations in the world that produce rubber, electricity, oil, gasoline, weapons, raw materials, electronics, machinery and all the major food industries, although their vast holdings rarely bear their name but those of agents like JP. Morgan or Rockefeller.

In 1998, NM Rothschild & Sons established Kagiso Financial Services in South Africa as a joint venture with the indigenous Kagiso Investment Trust (South Africa) to provide corporate and project finance.

The method that the House of Rothschild used to gain influence was the same that Royalty had used for centuries - marriage. The Rothschild children, girls and boys, have had their spouses chosen on the basis of alliances that would benefit the House of Rothschild.

The Rothschilds wielded much influence and power not only in Secret Societies, but also in Christendom’s churches. The Salvation Army under the suggestion of the Rothschilds adopted the Red Shield (Roth-red, Schild-shield) for their logo. One history of the Rothschilds remarks, “The Rothschilds had rapidly propelled themselves into a position of immense financial power and political influence. They were an independent force in the life of Europe, accountable to no one and, to a large extent, reliant on no one. Popular lampoons depicted them as the real rulers of Christendom..."

John Pierpont Morgan (1837 –1913) was an American financier and banker, who was one of the wealthiest men in America at the beginning of the 20th century. JP Morgan inherited a fortune from his father Junius Spencer Morgan into a colossal financial and industrial empire. Junius Spencer Morgan was working for the English banking house of George Peabody & Co. Peabody & Company financed the westward expansion of the American railroads and the laying of the first transatlantic cables.

From 1860 to 1854, Junius Spencer Morgan was an agent and attorney in New York for George Peabody & Co. of London. In 1860 it became Peabody, Morgan and Company as JS Morgan became a partner. Peabody and Junius Morgan profited from business relationships with persons or companies that owned or used slaves. Upon Peabody's retirement in 1864, the London financial house took the name J. S. Morgan & Company.

J.P. Morgan was thus affiliated with the Peabody firm before he founded Drexel, Morgan, and Company, the New York partnership that in 1895 became J.P. Morgan and Co.
In 1864, Julius acquired an existing firm to be the bank's New York branch and made his son, J. P. Morgan a partner in this new branch, Dabney, Morgan and Company, which was later to become the investment firm J. P. Morgan & Co. In 1871, the name changed to Drexel Morgan and Company and to J.P. Morgan and Company in 1895.

The J.P. Morgan & Co. became one of the most powerful banking houses in the world. Its accomplishments were numerous. It financed the formation of the United States Steel Corporation, which took over the business of Andrew Carnegie and others and was the world's first billion-dollar corporation. In 1912, the Pujo Committee, a subcommittee of the House Banking and Currency committee, found that the partners of J.P. Morgan & Co. along with the directors of First National and National City Bank (the triple alliance of interlocking directorates dominated by Morgan) controlled aggregate resources of over $22 billion.

In 1891 Morgan arranged the merger of Edison General Electric and Thomson-Houston Electric Company to form General Electric. In 1895, it supplied the United States government with $62 million in gold to float a bond issue and restore the treasury surplus of $100 million. In 1902, it purchased the Leyland line of Atlantic steamships and other British lines, creating an Atlantic shipping combine, the International Mercantile Marine Company, which eventually became the owner of White Star Line, builder and operator of RMS Titanic.

Hitler’s main source of economic power was from the I.G. Farben chemical cartel, and I.G. Farben in turn was controlled by the American elite. The I.G. Farben cartel was created by loans from Wall Street in what has been called the Dawes plan. Carroll Quigley calls the Dawes Plan "largely a J.P. Morgan production." The J.P. Morgan Group set up the loan to I.G. Farben, which created Hitler. 'Without the capital supplied by Wall Street, there would have been no I.G. Farben in the first place, and almost certainly no Adolf Hitler and World War II." Henry Ford merged his German assets with I.G. Farben in 1928.

J.P. Morgan financed manufacturing and mining and controlled banks, insurance companies, shipping lines, and communications systems.

Creation of Israel

One of the many of the buildings in Israel that the Rothschild’s money has built is the Knesset and the Supreme Court to Israel, through the Yad Hanadiv, the Rothschild Foundation. In 1895, Edmond de Rothschild, youngest son of Baron James Rothschild, visited Palestine for the first time. In the years to come he was to support the founding of a number of Jewish colonies. His interest in the development of the country continued until his death in 1934.

The Knesset is the Israeli equivalent to the American Congress’s Capitol building. Edmond de Rothschild left in his Will left money for ongoing building projects in Israel, and the Rothschilds are honoured with a Street named after them in Jerusalem. It is also the major funder of the Jewish Policy Research, dedicated to promoting issues affecting Jews worldwide.

The Ottoman Empire fought on Germany’s side in the First European War. Organized Jewry in Europe and America, including the Rothschilds were responsible for the wording of the Treaty imposed on Germany that ended the First European War. The treaty gave the Rothschilds the German owned railway rights in Palestine (which had been part of the Turkish Ottoman Empire), thus paving the way for the Rothschilds to have a sure leverage to dictate policy concerning Palestine.

The Rothschilds had made loans to Turkey, which amounted to almost one hundred million pounds. When the Turkish government collapsed after the First European War (aka First World War) because they were on the losing side, the Rothschilds had a claim on Palestine because of those unpaid Turkish loans. The British government followed the dictates of the Rothschilds. The British were given a mandate over Palestine, and the Rothschilds were able to through their proxies in the British government, to create the steps that led to the nation of Israel.

In 1836 Zevi Hirsch Kalischer approached Rothschild and proposed Rothschild to buy all of Israel land. It took many years for the Rothschilds to finally create Israel.

British Foreign Affairs Minister Arthur Balfour wrote his famous November 1917 letter (Balfour Declaration) to Lionel Walter, 2nd Baron Rothschild (Lord Rothschild) (1868–1937) Vice President of the British Jewish Board of Deputies and Chairman of the British Zionist Federation, declaring the government's official recognition of the Zionist aspirations, in establishing Palestine as a national home for the Jews.

Walter had inherited the peerage from his father Nathan Mayer Rothschild, 1st Baron Rothschild in 1915. He had no children, and his younger brother Charles Rothschild had predeceased him, so the title was inherited by his nephew (Nathaniel Mayer) Victor Rothschild.

The Balfour Declaration committed the British Government to supporting the establishment in Palestine of a national home for the Jewish people. The British effectively promised the land of Palestine to two different peoples - for different reasons. They needed the Arabs to revolt against the Turkish, while they also needed to persuade the Americans, through Jewish interest, to join the war in Europe. The actual wording of the letter contained this sentence –

“His Majesty’s Government view with favour the establishment in Palestine of a national home for the Jewish people, and will use their best endeavours to facilitate the achievement of this object, it being clearly understood that nothing shall be done which may prejudice the civil and religious rights of existing non-Jewish communities in Palestine, or the rights and political status enjoyed by Jews in any other country."

The letter was issued through the continued efforts of Chaim Weizmann and Nahum Sokolow, Zionist leaders in London, but it fell short of what they had asked for, namely the reconstitution of Palestine as “the” Jewish national home.

On February 14, 1921, Winston Churchill (whose mother Jenny Jacobson Jerome was a Jew) was appointed Colonial Affairs Minister. When he took over the Colonial Office (which was never disbanded. They now call it the Overseas Development Office), the Balfour Declaration was part of his legacy. The declaration, promulgated in 1917 when Arthur Balfour was foreign affairs minister, was actually formulated by the Rothschilds for the Rothschilds. The text was prepared by Leo Amery, assistant secretary to the War Cabinet. Amery worked under the Rothschild frontman, Lord Milner, who was a member of the inner War Cabinet. The declaration was addressed to Nathaniel Rothschild's son, Walter. It proclaimed that the British government favoured "the establishment of a national home for the Jewish people and will use their best endeavours to facilitate the achievement of that object, it being clearly understood that nothing shall be done which may prejudice the civil and religious rights of existing non-Jewish communities in Palestine."

Thus, the Rothschilds were intimately and the primary force behind involved in the creation of Israel.

Winston Churchill's commitment to the Rothschild-sponsored Jewish State in Palestine was "absolute". Churchill, the former British Prime Minister (1940-45, 1951-55) was also closely connected to the Rothschild family through his aristocratic father, Randolph Churchill, a former Chancellor of the Exchequer. To say that Randolph had a close relationship to Nathaniel Rothschild, the head of the London house, is really somewhat of an understatement. So too would the word intimate.

It was said that Randolph Churchill had an "excessive intimacy" with the Rothschilds, specifically with Nathaniel. Lady Salisbury, the wife of the Tory Prime Minister, Lord Robert Cecil is said to have "launched out against Randolph who communicated everything to Natty Rothschild". According to the official Rothschild biographer, Niall Ferguson: "The evidence of an excessively close relationship seems compelling, especially in view of the precariousness of Churchill's personal finances. As is now well known - though his earlier biographers suppressed the fact, he died owing the London house some money.” Randolph Churchill and Nathaniel Rothschild conducted the business of the empire in great measure together.

“Israel’s founding was carried out through the forcible expulsion of the indigenous Palestinian people. This was not just the result of a war that led people to flee their homes, but the explicit policy of the political progenitors of the present Likud government—the Zionist terror groups—that was given the nod by Israel’s founding fathers and first Prime Minister David Ben Gurion, as Israeli historians have acknowledged.

“Since then Israel has fought numerous wars, including unprovoked wars of aggression against other countries: Egypt in 1956 and Lebanon in 1978 and 1982. Israel has openly defied numerous United Nations resolutions. It has repeatedly breached international law in relation to the West Bank and Gaza, which it has illegally occupied since 1967. It has appropriated territory to itself, including East Jerusalem and the land and villages for more than 200 settlements…As one of the most violent governments in the world, Israel has demolished people’s homes, destroyed farms and uprooted olive groves, closed roads and instituted curfews, crippling the Palestinian economy and bringing people to the brink of starvation. It regularly detains people without trial. Torture and inhumane treatment of detainees is routine. Israel has exiled people. It has a declared policy of political assassination of its opponents.” www.wsws.org/articles/2003/dec2003/zion-d22.shtml

Eustice Mullins has published his research in his book Who Owns the TV Networks showing that the Rothschilds have control of all three U.S. Networks, plus other aspects of the recording and mass media industry. It can be added that they control Reuters too.

The Rothschilds operate out of an area in the heart of London, England, the financial district, which is known as the City of London (the Corporation of London) or the 'Square Mile’ (only about 2.6 sq km).

The City of London is the traditional heart of the city and stands as its own political unit. This is where London began as a Roman colonial town around 50 CE, at the point where the Romans built the first bridge in London. Today this area is one of the world’s leading financial centers. Most of the financial activities are crowded along Threadneedle Street, near the intersection known as the Bank. All major British banks have their main offices here, along with branch offices for 385 foreign banks, including 70 from the United States. It is here that you will find the Bank of England, the Royal Stock Exchange, Lloyd's of London, the Baltic Exchange (shipping contracts), Fleet Street (home of publishing and newspaper interests), the London Commodity Exchange (to trade coffee, rubber, sugar and wool), and the London Metal Exchange. It is virtually the financial hub of the world.

The permanent residential population of the City is now less than 6000, but about 350,000 commute here daily to work.

Positioned on the north bank of the Thames River, known as the "wealthiest square mile on earth", the City of London has enjoyed special rights and privileges that enabled them to achieve a certain level of independence since 1191. In 1215, its citizens received a Charter from King John, granting them the right to annually elect a mayor (known as the Lord Mayor), a tradition that continues today.

Both E. C. Knuth, in his book Empire of the City, and Des Griffin, in his book Descent into Slavery, stated their belief that the City of London is actually a sovereign state (much like the Vatican), and that since the establishment of the privately owned Bank of England in 1694, The City of London has actually become the last word in the country's national affairs, with a Prime Minister, Cabinet, and Parliament becoming only a front for the real power. According to Knuth, when the Queen enters the City of London, she is subservient to the Lord Mayor (under him, is a committee of 12-14 men, known as 'The Crown'), because this privately owned corporation is neither subject to the Queen nor the British Parliament.

It seems there is little doubt that the Rothschilds continues to influence the world economy.

The Jewish Encyclopedia writes: “The business principles on which the Rothschilds acted were the unified policy of the five, later four, and finally three firms; their determination never to deal with unsuccessful persons; their use of the surest information and the most reliable instruments; and prompt action after obtaining such information. They did not aim at excessive profits, nor did they put "all their eggs in one basket"; they drew back in time if an enterprise was not promising, selling quickly, if necessary even at a loss, on the principle that the first loss is the best; and they were almost the first to make use of journalistic methods to arouse the interest of the public in their loans. They have, however, consistently kept the secret of their own operations. The original five brothers were shrewd business men, but all were equally uncultured.

Resources:
Carnegie by Peter Krass
Titan: The Life of John D. Rockefeller, Sr by Ron Chernow
The Death of the Banker: The Decline and Fall of the Great Financial Dynasties and the Triumph of the Small Investor by Ron Chernow
The Warburgs: The Twentieth-Century Odyssey of a Remarkable Jewish Family by Ron Chernow
The House of Morgan: An American Banking Dynasty and the Rise of Modern Finance by Ron Chernow
The House of Rothschild: The World’s Banker 1849-1998 by Niall Ferguson
House of Rothschild : Money's Prophets: 1798-1848 by Niall Ferguson
Rule by Secrecy: The Hidden History That Connects the Trilateral Commission, the Freemasons, and the Great Pyramids by Jim Marrs
Who’s Who of the Elite : Members of the Bilderbergs, Council on Foreign Relations, & Trilateral Commission by Robert Gaydon Ross Snr.
Conrad Goeringer: The Enlightenment, Freemasonry, and The Illuminati
Carroll Quigley (1910-1977), The Anglo-American Establishment, From Rhodes to Cliveden, 1981, Books In Focus, NY, NY
Wulf Schwartzwaller, "The Unknown Hitler" by, Berkeley Books, 1990
Dr. Louis L. Snyder, Encyclopaedia of the Third Reich (McGraw-Hill Inc., 1976)
www.global-elite.org/
www.sourcewatch.org/wiki.phtml?title=Bilderberg
http://www.bilderberg.org/
www.niburu.nl/index.php?showarticle.php?articleID=1735
www.cbsnews.com/stories/2003/10/02/60minutes/main576332.shtml
www.wealth4freedom.com/Rothschild.html
www.worldhistory.com/wiki/R/Rothschild-family.htm
http://www.thedyinggod.com/
www.newadvent.org/cathen/13193b.htm
www.healthstones.com/mineraldata/beliefs/newage/newage.html
www.davidicke.net/tellthetruth